水平轴倾斜的检测方法

对经纬仪的一个重要的系统误差一水平轴倾斜进行了分析，讨论了水平轴倾斜对经纬仪测角精度的影响。介绍了常用的水平轴倾斜检测方法，针对其局限性提出了一种新的基于莱卡经纬仪的水平轴倾斜检测方法。实验显示这种新方法具有通用性，且根据莱卡读数即可以轻易判断被测经纬仪的倾斜方向。最后，对两种方法的测量误差进行了比较，比较结果表明，新方法的测量误差源虽然比传统方法多，但由于莱卡经纬仪的各项精度指标都很高，故其测量误差〈4″，优于传统方法的测量精度。

Detection method for horizontal axis tilts

The horizontal axis tilt of a theodolite is an important systematic error. In this paper, the horizontal axis tilt error of the theodolite was analysed, and the effect of the horizontal axis tilt on the measuring accuracy of theodolity was discussed. Then, the common detection method of horizontal axis tilt was introduced, and a new detection method based on the Leica theodolite was proposed according to the limitations of common methods. Experiments show that the new method has a good universality and can obtain the tilt directions of the theodolite easily based on Leica values. Finally, the measurement errors of two methods were compared, results show that the measuring error from new method is less than 4″ because of Leica theodolite with excellent specifications, which is superior to that of common detection method.