Complexity in human transportation networks: a comparative analysis of worldwide air transportation and global cargo-ship movements |
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Authors: | O Woolley-Meza C Thiemann D Grady J J Lee H Seebens B Blasius D Brockmann |
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Institution: | (1) Department de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Nord, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;(2) Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;(3) Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Bâtiment 210 Université de Paris-Sud 91405 ORSAY Cedex, France; |
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Abstract: | We present a comparative network-theoretic analysis of the two largest global
transportation networks: the worldwide air-transportation network (WAN) and the global
cargo-ship network (GCSN). We show that both networks exhibit surprising statistical
similarities despite significant differences in topology and connectivity. Both networks
exhibit a discontinuity in node and link betweenness distributions which implies that
these networks naturally segregate into two different classes of nodes and links. We
introduce a technique based on effective distances, shortest paths and shortest path trees
for strongly weighted symmetric networks and show that in a shortest path tree
representation the most significant features of both networks can be readily seen. We show
that effective shortest path distance, unlike conventional geographic distance measures,
strongly correlates with node centrality measures. Using the new technique we show that
network resilience can be investigated more precisely than with contemporary techniques
that are based on percolation theory. We extract a functional relationship between node
characteristics and resilience to network disruption. Finally we discuss the results,
their implications and conclude that dynamic processes that evolve on both networks are
expected to share universal dynamic characteristics. |
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