Moduli Space and Structure of Noncommutative 3-Spheres

We analyze the moduli space and the structure of noncommutative 3-spheres. We develop the notion of central quadratic form for quadratic algebras, and prove a general algebraic result which considerably refines the classical homomorphism from a quadratic algebra to a cross-product algebra associated to the characteristic variety and lands in a richer cross-product. It allows to control the C*-norm on involutive quadratic algebras and to construct the differential calculus in the desired generality. The moduli space of noncommutative 3-spheres is identified with equivalence classes of pairs of points in a symmetric space of unitary unimodular symmetric matrices. The scaling foliation of the moduli space is identified to the gradient flow of the character of a virtual representation of SO(6). Its generic orbits are connected components of real parts of elliptic curves which form a net of biquadratic curves with eight points in common. We show that generically these curves are the same as the characteristic variety of the associated quadratic algebra. We then apply the general theory of central quadratic forms to show that the noncommutative 3-spheres admit a natural ramified covering π by a noncommutative three-dimensional nilmanifold. This yields the differential calculus. We then compute the Jacobian of the ramified covering π by pairing the direct image of the fundamental class of the noncommutative three-dimensional nilmanifold with the Chern character of the defining unitary and obtain the answer as the product of a period (of an elliptic integral) by a rational function. Finally, we show that the hyperfinite factor of type II₁ appears as cross-product of the field K _q of meromorphic functions on an elliptic curve by a subgroup of its Galois group ${\text{Aut}}_\mathbb{C} \left( {K_q } \right)$ .