Liquid-liquid extraction of elements by antipyrine and diantipyrylmethane salts from non-aqueous solutions or in systems without an organic solvent

The liquid-liquid extraction method for inorganic compounds has been developed and further improved by using different types of multiphase systems involving pyrazolone derivatives. The degree of concentration of elements by use of three-phase liquid systems has been increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude, and a universal method for preconcentration of elements in non-aqueous media has been suggested. The development of extraction systems based on a single liquid component-water-and not requiring an organic solvent at all, has increased the safety of extraction methods and improved the working conditions. A new variant of spectrochemical analysis without mineralization of an extract has been developed. Its main advantage is that it reduces the analysis time by a factor of 6 or 8. The liquid-liquid extraction of elements in purely aqueous two-phase systems without an organic solvent can be combined with titrimetric, photometric and polarographic determination in hybrid analytical procedures.