Identifying the Causal Effects of Stochastic Interventions by Augmented Causal Networks

Suppose that the cause-effect relationships between variables can be described by a causal network. To identify the causal effect of a stochastic intervention, an augmented causal network for stochastic intervention is proposed in this paper. Then, we obtain two graphical criteria for identifying the causal effects of stochastic interventions from passive observations on observed variables only. When either of the two criteria is satisfied, a simple closed-form expression is provided for the causal effect of a stochastic intervention, which enables researchers to assess the causal effect with little effort.