Methods for studying the coherent 4D structural dynamics of free molecules and condensed state of matter |
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Authors: | A A Ishchenko V N Bagratashvili A S Avilov |
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Institution: | 1.Moscow State Technological University,Moscow,Russia;2.Institute of Laser and Information Technologies,Russian Academy of Sciences,Troitsk, Moscow oblast,Russia;3.Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography,Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Russia |
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Abstract: | Studies in the coupled 4D spatial and temporal continuum are necessary for understanding the dynamic features of molecular
systems with a complex profile of the potential energy surface. The introduction of time sweep into diffraction methods and
the development of principles for studying coherent processes have revealed new approaches to the analysis of the dynamics
of wave packets, the intermediate products and the transition state of the reaction center, and short-lived compounds in gaseous
and condensed media. The use of picosecond and femtosecond electron probe pulses, synchronized with excitation laser pulses,
determined the development of ultrafast electron crystallography, time-resolved X-ray diffraction, and dynamic transmission
electron microscopy (DTEM). One of the most promising applications of the developed diffraction methods is the characterization
and visualization of the processes occurring upon the photoexcitation of free molecules and biological objects and the analysis
of surface and thin films. The whole set of spectral and diffraction methods based on different physical principles, which
are complementary and make it possible to perform the photoexcitation of nuclei and electrons and carry out diagnostics of
their dynamics at ultrashort time sequences, reveal new possibilities for studies with the necessary integration of the “structure-dynamics-function”
triad in chemistry, biology, and materials science. |
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