Simultaneous quantification of neutral and acidic pharmaceuticals and pesticides at the low-ng/l level in surface and waste water |
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Authors: | Ollers S Singer H P Fässler P Müller S R |
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Institution: | Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, EAWAG, Dübendorf, Switzerland. |
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Abstract: | A new analytical method is presented that allows simultaneous determination of neutral and acidic pharmaceuticals and pesticides in natural waters. The compounds investigated include frequently used pharmaceuticals, i.e., the anti-epileptic carbamazepine, four analgesic/anti-flammatory drugs (ibuprofen, diclofenac, ketoprofen and naproxen) and the lipid regulator clofibric acid and important pesticides including triazines, acetamides and phenoxy acids. Sample enrichment was achieved in one step with a newly developed solid-phase extraction procedure using the Waters Oasis HLB sorbent. The neutral compounds were analyzed by GC-MS in a first step, and then the acidic compounds after derivatization with diazomethane. Relative recoveries using isotope labeled internal standards were between 71 and 118% and the detection limits were in the range of 1 to 10 ng/l in drinking water, surface water and waste water treatment plant effluents (precision: 1-15%). The developed analytical method proved to be very durable during a 3-month field study and the target analytes were detected in concentrations of 5-3,500 ng/l in waste water treatment plant effluents, river water and lake water. |
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