自组装方法与三维光子晶体制作

光子晶体,特别是三维光子晶体,可能成为信息处理和通信等领域的新型功能材料.光子晶体的制作方法可分为"自上而下"的物理方法和"自下而上"的化学自组装方法.化学自组装方法是制作三维光子晶体最为经济有效的方法.本文在阐述自组装方法的种类、一般过程、优点和不足等内容的基础上,分别分析和总结了带有各种功能缺陷的三维光子晶体的制作,这些缺陷主要包括线缺陷、面缺陷和点缺陷.从研究中可以看出,化学自组装方法通常需要结合其他方法才能实现缺陷的嵌入.近些年,三维光子晶体制作在材料选取、结构设计和方法改进等方面都有一些最新进展,本文对此进行了较为详尽的评述,并对我们课题组的研究进行了总结.最后对光子晶体的研究和制作方向进行了展望.

Self-assembly method and the fabrication of 3-D photonic crystals

Photonic crystals（PCs）,especially three-dimensional PCs,may become novel functional materials in the fields of information processing and communication,and so on.Generally,there are two kinds of techniques for the fabrication of PCs,namely,the physically ＂top-down＂ technique and the chemically ＂bottom-up＂ approach.The chemical self-assembly method is considered to be the most economic and effective method for the fabrication of three dimensional PCs.This paper firstly reviewed the categories,typical process,advantages and disadvantages of the self-assembly method,and then analyzed and summarized the fabrication of PCs with all kinds of functional defects,including line defects,point defects and planar defects,respectively.From the specific studies,we found that it was common to combine with other methods in order to imbed defects into PCs fabricated via self-assembly method.Furthermore,this paper made comments on the progress of self-assembly method in recent years from the aspects of selection of materials,design of structure and improvements of the self-assembly method,and summarized studies on PCs in our group as well.Finally,this paper presented our point of view on the investigation and fabrication of PCs in the future.It is believed that the fabrication of three dimensional PCs relies on the investigation of the mechanism and improvements of self-assembly method,and more importantly,the combination of self-assembly method and physically method.