Long-Term Changes in a Heat Exchanger Steel |
| |
| Authors: | Carpene Ettore Schaaf Peter Ariely Shmuel Schnek Rony |
| |
| Institution: | (1) Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, II, Bunsenstrasse 7, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;(2) Israel Electricity Company, Haifa, 31000, Israel;(3) Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel |
| |
| Abstract: | The steel ASTM A213 P22 is used for superheater outlet header in power plants. During duty cycles lasting over tens of years the temperature is of the order of 545°C and the pressure 125 atm. The microscopic changes in these steels are hard to analyze under working conditions, but they are believed to be responsible for the appearance of creeps in such devices. Investigation of the microscopic modifications will help to predict future failures due to creeps, increasing the reliability and saving a lot of money.We report the investigation of such changes in ASTM A213 P22 steel in use for 30 years as a Superheater header at Haifa power station. The analysis has been carried out using Mössbauer Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. As a result it seems that the morphology and phase change of the carbide phases M3C/M7C3 and M23C6 are the most prominent changes leading to the material failures. |
| |
| Keywords: | ASTM A213 P22 creep |
| 本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录！ |
|
