关于水气界面处的气体传输

水气界面处的气体传输问题由于其对于地球大气中温室效应气体收支的重要意义，近年来受到广泛的关注．综述国际上在水气界面处传质研究的新进展，在简评各种基本的传质模型基础上，着重介绍在剪切水气界面附近湍流相干结构及其与气体传输的关系方面的一些新发现、新观点．对于实际海气界面气体传输的若干机制进行了评述．为实际估算海气界面处气体传输速度的目的，建议了一种综合考虑剪切与波破碎两种机制的气体传输复合计算方法，得到与实测较满意的符合． 

GAS TRANSFER AT WATER SURFACES

The issue of gas transfer at air-water interfaces has received world wide concern due to its relevance in the budget of climate modifying gases. Research advances made in recent years on the problems are surveyed in the present article. Particular attention was given to some new findings concerning the coherent structure near liquid surface and its relationship with the gas transfer taking place there, which shed new light on the mechanisms of gas transfer at sheared surface. Regarding the gas transfer processes comments are given to various mechanisms including surface wave, wave breaking,wind shear and air hobble entrainment. Finally, it is proposed that a combined model taking into account of both shear controlled and wave breaking controlled transfer processes may be of value for a practical transfer-rate estimation purpose.