二维材料实验力学综述

以石墨烯为代表的二维材料因其原子级厚度、独特物理性质,成为近年来物理、化学、材料交叉学科的研究热点,在合成制备、结构表征、应用开发等方面的研究工作表明其在微纳机电系统、光电器件与功能复合材料领域有广泛且重要的应用前景。然而,由于二维材料结构与尺度的独特性,在其基本物性的理解方面仍存在许多未解决的问题,尤其是力学性能的表征,面临着诸多挑战。本文综述了二维材料本征力学性质和界面力学行为的微纳测试与表征技术的最新进展,例如纳米压痕技术、微孔鼓泡法等,并详细探讨了影响二维材料力学性能及行为的主要因素,分析了其微观尺度下的作用机制,以期通过物理或化学手段实现力学性能的调控。

Experimental Mechanics of Two-dimensional Materials: A Review

Owing to the atomic scale thickness and the unpresedented physical properties,twodimensional (2D) materials,especially graphene,have recently attracted dramatically increasing interests in interdisciplinary areas of physics,chemistry,materials and so on.To date,significant progresses have been achieved in developments of synthesis methods,structural characterizations,and a variety of fascinating applications,endowing 2D materials with a bright prospect in fields of micro-/nano-eletromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS),photoelectric devices and functional composite materials.However,due to the unique structure and dimension of 2D materials,the fundamental understanding of its physical issues still remains elusive,especially for the mechanical characterization that faces vexing challenges yet.This paper systematically provides an overview of recent developments in the mechanical testing and characterization techniques on the intrinsically mechanical properties as well as the interfacial behaviors of 2D materials at micro-/nanoscale,such as nanoindentation test,bubbling test,etc.In addition,possible factors that may influence the mechanical performance of 2D materials are also discussed in detail and the underlying mechanisms are analyzed to enable the moderate physical and chemical design for the rationally modified properties.