环境样品中微塑料分析技术研究进展

微塑料一般是指直径小于5mm的塑料纤维、碎片或颗粒。环境中的微塑料来源广泛,性质稳定,是疏水性有机污染物和重金属的理想载体。微塑料易被浮游生物、鱼类及低等生物误食,并在食物网各营养级之间发生转移和富集,对食品安全存在潜在风险。开展微塑料分析技术研究是研究微塑料在环境中的分布、迁移、转化、归趋和生态毒理效应的基础。该文综述了国内外环境样品中微塑料的采集、分离提取、定性鉴别技术的研究进展,并探讨了各方法的优缺点。最后针对现阶段微塑料分析方法存在的问题和不足,展望了环境中微塑料分析技术的发展趋势。

Progress on Research of Analysis Techniques for Microplastics in Environmental Samples

Microplastics refer to those plastic fibers,fragments or particles less than 5 mm in diameter,which have a wide range of sources and stable properties in the environment.They are ideal carriers for hydrophobic organic pollutants and heavy metals.Microplastics are easily ingested by plankton,fish and lower organisms,and transferred and enriched between trophic levels in the food web.As a new type of environmental pollutants,microplastics have posed a serious threat to the ecological environment,resulting in potential risks to food safety.Microplastics analysis techniques are the basis for research of microplastics distribution,migration,transformation,fate and ecological toxicological effects in the environment.The research progress of microplastics collection,separation,extraction and qualitative identification in environmental samples at home and abroad is reviewed in this paper,and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.Finally,aiming at the problems and shortcomings of microplastics analysis methods at present,the future development trend of analysis techniques for environmental microplastics is forecasted.