Wake effects and stopping power for a charged particle moving above two-dimensional quantum electron gases

Electronic excitations induced by a charged particle moving above two-dimensional electron gases are studied by means of the linearized quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) theory. In this calculation, we show that the influence of the quantum effects on the interaction process should be taken into account. The induced potential and the perturbed density of the electron gases as well as the stopping power of the particles are derived as functions of the projectile velocity, the particle position and the density function when including the quantum statistical and quantum diffraction effects. The dependence relations of the induced potential and the particle speed around the peak position at which the stopping power takes the maximum value are also discussed in this work.