Simultaneous determination of nicotine and 3-vinylpyridine in single cigarette tobacco smoke and in indoor air using direct extraction to solid phase

The aim of the present study was to develop a new analytical method of chromatographic determination of two important markers of ETS exposure: nicotine and 3-vinylpyridine (3-ethenylpyridine, 3-EP) in mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) smoke of one single cigarette and in indoor air using direct solid phase extraction combined with gas chromatography. The method can be utilised for both nicotine and 3-EP determination in SS and MS of one single cigarette as well as it allows for a precise determination of compound distribution in indoor air. The application of the same analytical method for both kinds of samples allows anticipating indoor air distribution of both analysed compounds in a very precise way. The precision of the method (calculated as a relative standard deviation) was 9.78% for nicotine and 2.67% for 3-EP; whereas the accuracy (evaluated by a recovery study conducted at three different levels) was 70.1 and 87.3%, respectively. The limit of detection was 0.06 µg per cigarette for both nicotine and 3-EP. The method was evaluated by determining the compounds of interest in two commercially available brands of cigarettes as well as in the reference cigarettes 3R4F and also in indoor air polluted with tobacco smoke. Determined levels of compounds of interest in MS varied from 586 to 772 (nicotine) µg per cigarette and from 3.5 to 10.7 (3-EP) µg per cigarette. In SS smoke the level varied from 14,370 to 22,590 (nicotine) µg per cigarette and from 185 to 550 (3-EP) µg per cigarette, whereas levels in indoor air polluted with tobacco smoke varied from 50.1 to 157.3 (nicotine) µg m^?3and from 7.7 to 20.8 (3-EP) µg m^?3.