Water hammer prediction and control: the Green’s function method

By Green’s function method we show that the water hammer (WH) can be analytically predicted for both laminar and turbulent flows (for the latter,with an eddy viscosity depending solely on the space coordinates),and thus its hazardous effect can be rationally controlled and minimized.To this end,we generalize a laminar water hammer equation of Wang et al.(J.Hydrodynamics,B2,51,1995) to include arbitrary initial condition and variable viscosity,and obtain its solution by Green’s function method.The predicted characteristic WH behaviors by the solutions are in excellent agreement with both direct numerical simulation of the original governing equations and,by adjusting the eddy viscosity coefficient,experimentally measured turbulent flow data.Optimal WH control principle is thereby constructed and demonstrated.