软硬酸碱理论与元素的存在形式

在无机化学元素部分教学中,元素的存在形式既是该元素化学性质的重要组成部分,又决定了元素单质和化合物的制备与合成方法。运用离子的电子结构知识及化学基本原理分析元素在自然界中的存在形式,既可以加深学生对化学基本知识和基本原理的理解,又可以将元素知识形成知识链以减少记忆量。本文利用软硬酸碱理论和地球环境的基本状况来分析元素在自然界的存在形式,得到了与实际较为符合的结果,表明这是一种简单实用的思路和方法。

Correlation between the hard-soft acid-base concepts and the occurrences of elements in nature

In the teaching of inorganic chemistry, the occurrence of elements in nature, not only is an important property, but also determines the method for preparation and synthesis of the elements and their compounds. The occurrence of the elements in nature can be deduced from the knowledge of electronic structure of the ions and general chemical principles. By practicing with the deducing program, the understanding of electronic structure of ions and general chemical principles can be reinforced and a logic chain of element properties can be established, which reducing the burden of memorization for students. In this paper, a method of deducing the occurrence of the elements in nature based on the hard-soft acid-base concepts and the environments of the earth"s crust, surface and atmosphere was proposed, which is believed to be a simple and instructive method.