Abstract: | Let A be an n×n complex matrix and r be the maximum size of its principal submatrices with no off-diagonal zero entries. Suppose A has zero main diagonal and x is a unit n-vector. Then, letting ‖A‖ be the Frobenius norm of A, we show that |〈Ax,x〉|2?(1−1/2r−1/2n)‖A‖2. |