海啸、地震海啸与海啸地震

简要地介绍了海啸与地震海啸的成因、特点,分析了影响地震海啸的重要因素,阐述了海啸预警的物理基础.以2004年12月26日苏门答腊-安达曼MW9.0特大地震及其激发的印度洋特大海啸为例,说明除了地震的大小、地震机制、震源深度以外,震源破裂过程也是影响地震激发海啸的重要因素.通过对苏门答腊-安达曼特大地震及2005年3月28日苏门答腊北部特大地震进行分析对比,探讨了海啸地震的特征,阐明了进一步深入研究海啸地震的特征及其激发海啸的机制对于预防和减轻海啸灾害的重要意义.

Tsunamis, earthquake-generated tsunamis and tsunamigenic earthquakes

The causes and the characteristics of the tsunamis are briefly reviewed,the factors which affect earthquake-generated tsunamis analyzed, and the physical basis of tsunami early warning is presented.Taking the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of December 26,2004(M_W9.0) and the great Northern Sumatra earthquake of March 28,2005(M_W8.7) as examples,it is shown that the moment magnitude or its equivalent,seismic moment,source mechanism, focal depth as well as earthquake rupture process are major factors which play important roles in the tsunami generation process.A comparison between the 2004 great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and the 2005 great Northern Sumatra earthquake is made to explore the characteristics of the tsunamigenic earthquake and to emphasize the urgent need of studies on the characteristics and mechanism of tsunamigenic earthquake for prevention and mitigation of tsunami disaster.