某冶炼厂周边土壤重金属污染评价分析及源解析研究

有色金属矿产资源采选冶活动造成的土壤重金属污染已成为严重的环境问题。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和光谱法测定某冶炼厂周边不同区域内土壤中重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Ni、Cr、Cd、Hg元素含量,采用Kriging空间插值方法对重金属空间分布特征进行分析,采用内梅罗指数法对其污染状况进行评价,采用多元统计分析对重金属元素的污染源进行分析。结果表明,研究区土壤采样点80%处于污染状态,且以重度污染为主,污染比较严重的区域受风向影响在冶炼厂的西部和南部方向,污染严重的重金属元素为Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn和As,土壤中各重金属元素的污染源除来自于冶炼厂外,Zn-Cd-PbCu-As、Ni-Cr、Hg分别还受到机动车辆排放、自然因素、燃煤及农药使用的影响。

Characteristics Assessment and Source Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil Surrounding a Smelter

Soil heavy metal pollution caused by exploitation of nonferrous metal mine has become a severe environment problem. In this paper, the heavy metal elements such as Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Ni, Cr, Cd and Hg in the soil of different areas surrounding a smelter were analyzed. Kriging spatial interpolation method was used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the study area. Nemerow index method was used to evaluate the pollution status. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to analyze the pollution sources of heavy metals. The results show that 80% of the soil sampling points in the study area were in the state of pollution, and the most serious pollution was in the West and south of the smelter affected by the wind direction. The heavy metal elements with serious pollution were Cu, Pb, CD, Zn and As. The pollution sources of heavy metal elements in soil were not only from smelters, but also from motor vehicle emissions, natural factors, coal combustion and pesticide use.