Development of a New Voltammetric Methodology for the Determination of Ciprofloxacin in Beef Samples Using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Nafion and Fullerenes

A sensitive, selective, and low cost electrochemical new methodology was developed for the quantification of ciprofloxacin (Cip) in beef samples by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, using a CPE electrode modified with Nafion and Fullerenes (N−F/CPE). The optimum parameters for the composition of the N−F/CPE electrode are 0.19 g mineral oil, 0.01 g Nafion, 50 μL fullerene, and graphite powder 0.3 g. The electrochemical characterization was carried out by obtaining maximum anodic peak current associated with the oxidation of ciprofloxacin at 1.1 V, where the electrochemical process resulted to be irreversible and diffusion-controlled. The analytical characterization of the proposed methodology was carried out resulting in a LOD of 1.0 μmol L⁻¹, a LOQ of 3.0 μmol L⁻¹, a sensitivity of 0.37±0.006 μA/μmolL⁻¹, and repeatability of 5.38 %.