表面分子印迹材料和技术在分离分析中的应用进展

复杂体系的高选择性分析对分离新材料和新方法提出了迫切需求。分子印迹聚合物（MIPs）以其特异性高、化学稳定性好、制备简单且成本低等优点，在高选择性分离分析中展现出巨大的应用前景。但以本体聚合为代表的传统合成方法获得的MIPs存在识别位点位于聚合物内部难以识别、模板分子洗脱不彻底、传质速率慢、结合容量低等问题。表面印迹技术制备的核-壳型表面分子印迹材料是解决上述难题的有效途径。通过核体和壳层结构的设计和构建，表面分子印迹材料还可具备多功能、多响应的特性，适于现代分离分析对快速、高效、高选择性的要求。该文主要综述了近几年表面分子印迹技术在样品前处理、化学/生物传感分析及靶向药物递送领域的应用进展。

Recent applications of surface molecularly imprinting materials and techniques for separation and analysis

Novel techniques and materials are critical for the highly specific separation and analysis of complicated biosystems. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) featuring in high specificity, good chemical stability, easy preparation and low cost, have been applied successfully in many fields. However, classical MIPs still show limitations in incomplete template removal, slow mass transfer and low binding capacity, owing to the buried imprinting sites inside the polymers. The emergence of surface imprinting techniques provides a solution to the above problems. The surface location of the imprinting sites can increase efficient recognition sites, improve imprinting capacity, quicken mass transfer, facilitate the diffusion and elution. By rationally designing the core-shell structure, the surface molecularly imprinted materials show attractive potential in rapid, high efficiency and high selective separation. This review focuses on the recent developments in the applications of surface imprinting techniques, especially in the fields of sample preparation, chemical/biological sensing and targeted drug delivery.