Refractive index changes and nuclear activation upon irradiation of lithium niobate crystals with different low-mass,high-energy ions |
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Authors: | Niels L Raeth Johannes Goetze Konrad Peithmann Karl Maier |
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Institution: | 1. Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen und Kernphysik, Universit?t Bonn, Nussallee 14-16, 53115?, Bonn, Germany
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Abstract: | Refractive index changes \(\Delta n\) in lithium niobate crystals upon irradiation with high-energy protons, deuterons, \(^3\) He, and \(^4\alpha \) particles (up to 14 MeV/nucleon) are created, and the accompanying, unwanted nuclear activation is investigated. The measurements give answers to the question which ion is the best choice depending on the requirements: largest values of \(\Delta n\) are achieved with \(^4\alpha \) particles, low nuclear activation with deuterons, or the best tradeoff between \(\Delta n\) and activation with \(^3\) He, respectively. |
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