准二维钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展

目前,钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电转换效率已超过25%,飞速提升的效率使得人们越来越期待商业化的应用,但钙钛矿材料的稳定性问题却是其商业化所面临的最大挑战,准二维钙钛矿有望解决这一问题。利用大的有机间隔阳离子的疏水性和热稳定性,以及更高的晶体形成能和更加稳固的结构,准二维钙钛矿能够有效提高钙钛矿的稳定性。此外,准二维钙钛矿对钙钛矿薄膜的形态也具有明显的改善作用,可代替反溶剂工程,简化工艺,满足钙钛矿的工业化生产要求。然而,由于绝缘的有机间隔阳离子导致的相对大的带隙和低的载流子迁移率,阻碍了载流子传输,准二维钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率仍然与三维钙钛矿相差较大。因此,对于准二维钙钛矿,必须对其特性和器件应用等进行深入研究,以进一步优化器件性能。本文总结了准二维钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究进展,归纳了准二维钙钛矿的分子结构、准二维结构提升三维钙钛矿稳定性的方法和原理、准二维钙钛矿的相分布及其载流子传输特性,分析了准二维钙钛矿太阳能电池目前面临的问题并对其前景进行了展望,期望为制备高效稳定的准二维钙钛矿太阳能电池提供参考。

Research progress of quasi-two-dimensional perovskite solar cells

At present,the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells exceeds 25%.Their rapidly increasing efficiency has made people increasingly optimistic about their commercial application,but the stability of perovskite remains the biggest obstacle to successful commercialization.Quasi-two-dimensional perovskite solves this problem.Utilizing the hydrophobicity and thermal stability of large organic spacer cations,quasi-two-dimensional perovskite can effectively improve the stability of perovskite and improved crystal formation energy while providing a more stable structure.Quasi-two-dimensional perovskite also invites significant improvement to the morphology of perovskite films,which can replace anti-solvent processes,simplify production,and meet the industrial production requirements of perovskite.However,the relatively large band-gap and low carrier mobility caused by insulated organic spacer cations hinder ion transmission,causing quasi-two-dimensional perovskite solar cells to be far less efficient than three-dimensional perovskite solar cells.Therefore,for quasi-two-dimensional perovskite,it is necessary to further study its characteristics and device applications to achieve further optimization of device performance.This article summarizes the research progress of quasi-two-dimensional perovskite solar cells,the molecular structure of quasi-two-dimensional perovskite,the methods and principles of quasi-two-dimensional doping that improves the stability of three-dimensional perovskite,and the phase distribution and carrier transport characteristics of quasitwo-dimensional perovskite.Then this paper analyzes the problems faced by quasi-two-dimensional perovskite solar cells and looks forward to their prospects.It is expected that it will provide a reference for the preparation of efficient and stable quasi-two-dimensional perovskite solar cells.