Small dosage of holographic exposure via a He-Ne laser to fabricate tunable liquid crystal phase gratings operated with low electric voltages

The fabrication processes of tunable liquid crystal (LC) phase gratings via small dosage of holographic exposure of a He-Ne laser beam were investigated. The initial LC cells were filled with various ratios of ingredients mainly including LCs and photocurable monomers. The fabricated LC phase gratings shown in the Raman–Nath regime possessed a maximum value of first-order diffraction efficiency close to 33.3% at 5.8 V_rms. Furthermore, optimised grating was demonstrated and used as an interference recorder in holography.