Utility of Core–Shell Nanomaterials in the Catalytic Transformations of Renewable Substrates

In recent years, core–shell nano-catalysts have received increasing attention due to their tunable properties and broad applications in catalysis. Control of the two components of these materials allows their catalytic properties to be tuned to various sustainable processes in synthetic and energy-related applications. This Concept article describes recent state-of-the-art core–shell materials and their application as heterogeneous catalysts for a range of sustainable catalytic transformations, focusing on two important classes of renewable substrates, CO₂ and biomass. In the discussion, emphasis is directed to the role of the constituent parts of the core–shell structure and how they can be manipulated to enhance activity.