胜利超稠油的乳化降黏机理研究

研究了胜利油田滨南超稠油单56-4X4高黏的内在原因。油品性质分析结果表明,影响其高黏度的主要因素有两个:胶质、沥青质的总含量超过30%;有机杂原子O、N、S及过渡金属Ni等形成的配位络合物增加了沥青质分子的内聚力。实验筛选出的降黏剂OP-10对该超稠油降黏率高达99.59%。通过FT-IR、SEM、分子量和偶极矩等分析对比了降黏剂作用前后胶质、沥青质的结构性质变化,结果表明,OP-10使胶质、沥青质的氢键缔合作用减弱,部分拆散沥青质的堆积结构,从而使胶质、沥青质的分子量和偶极矩减小,分析得到降黏剂分子能渗透及分散胶质、沥青质的堆砌聚集体。偏光显微镜对乳状液及蜡晶微观形态的分析表明,降黏剂OP-10使超稠油乳状液由W/O型反相为O/W型而起到降黏作用;使蜡晶的聚集形态由细小均匀转变为尺寸较大的絮凝体,破坏蜡晶的三维网络结构,促进稠油黏度的下降。

Mechanism of viscosity reduction of super heavy oil of Shengli oil field

The external reason of the viscosity of Binnan super heavy oil from Shengli oil field was investigated. The properties of the super heavy oil showed that the viscosity of the oil mainly depended on two factors: the total resin and asphaltene content are larger than 30%, the enhanced cohesion of asphaltene by macrocyclic compound formed by the metallic element like Ni and the heteroatoms like O,N, and S.The viscosity reducing rate reached 99.59% by using the viscosity reducer (OP-10). By comparing the change of resin and asphaltene before and after treatment, the analytical conclusions of IR and SEM, the molecular weights and the mean dipolemoments showed that: the hydrogen bond of resin and asphaltene can be weakened, the aggregation of asphaltene is partially broken up, so the molecular weights and the mean dipolemoments were decreased by the viscosity reducer (OP-10).So it is known that viscosity reducer can infiltrate and disperse into asphaltene molecules, so that the order of asphaltene molecules is lowered. At the same time, the microstructure analysis using polarization microscope of the emulsion and wax showed that the emulsion of super heavy oil from W/O were turned to O/W and the morphology of wax from fine uniform were turned to flocculating constituent of bigger size by the viscosity reducer (OP-10).