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Research on Hazardous Waste Removal Management: Identification of the Hazardous Characteristics of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Spent Catalysts
Authors:Haihui Fu  Yan Chen  Tingting Liu  Xuemei Zhu  Yufei Yang  Haitao Song
Institution:1.Research Institute of Solid Waste, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (H.F.); (T.L.); (X.Z.);2.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China;3.Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (H.S.)
Abstract:Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) spent catalysts are the most common catalysts produced by the petroleum refining industry in China. The National Hazardous Waste List (2016 edition) lists FCC spent catalysts as hazardous waste, but this listing is very controversial in the petroleum refining industry. This study collects samples of waste catalysts from seven domestic catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivation agents and identifies their hazardous characteristics. FCC spent catalysts do not have the characteristics of flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity, or infectivity. Based on our analysis of the components and production process of the FCC spent catalysts, we focused on the hazardous characteristic of toxicity. Our results show that the leaching toxicity of the heavy metal pollutants nickel, copper, lead, and zinc in the FCC spent catalyst samples did not exceed the hazardous waste identification standards. Assuming that the standards for antimony and vanadium leachate are 100 times higher than that of the surface water and groundwater environmental quality standards, the leaching concentration of antimony and vanadium in the FCC spent catalyst of the G set of installations exceeds the standard, which may affect the environmental quality of surface water or groundwater. The quantities of toxic substances in all spent FCC catalysts, except those from G2, does not exceed the standard. The acute toxicity of FCC spent catalysts in all installations does not exceed the standard. Therefore, we exclude “waste catalysts from catalytic cracking units without antimony-based passivating agent passivation nickel agent” from the “National Hazardous Waste List.”
Keywords:catalytic cracking unit  spent catalyst  hazardous characteristics  heavy metals  exemption management
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