Partial Measurements and the Realization of Quantum-Mechanical Counterfactuals |
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Authors: | G S Paraoanu |
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Institution: | 1. Low Temperature Laboratory, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, 00076, Aalto, Finland 2. Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract: | We propose partial measurements as a conceptual tool to understand how to operate with counterfactual claims in quantum physics.
Indeed, unlike standard von Neumann measurements, partial measurements can be reversed probabilistically. We first analyze
the consequences of this rather unusual feature for the principle of superposition, for the complementarity principle, and
for the issue of hidden variables. Then we move on to exploring non-local contexts, by reformulating the EPR paradox, the
quantum teleportation experiment, and the entanglement-swapping protocol for the situation in which one uses partial measurements
followed by their stochastic reversal. This leads to a number of counter-intuitive results, which are shown to be resolved
if we give up the idea of attributing reality to the wavefunction of a single quantum system. |
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