适配体生物传感器在病原微生物检测中的应用

适配体是通过指数富集系统进化技术(SELEX)体外筛选得到的一类能够特异性地结合小分子物质、蛋白,甚至整个细胞的寡核苷酸序列.由于具有制备简便、易于修饰、稳定性好等特点,适配体已广泛应用于构建生物传感器,实现对病原微生物的识别和检测.本文在阐述适配体基本原理的基础之上,结合近年来病原微生物适配体研究领域的最新研究成果,综述以病原微生物为目标的适配体筛选技术的最新进展；列举目前已经筛选获得的病原微生物(原生生物、病毒、细菌)适配体；综述适配体生物传感器在病原微生物检测中的应用.并展望了适配体生物传感器在病原微生物检测领域的发展趋势.

Application of Aptamer Based Biosensor for Detection of Pathogenic Microorganism

Aptamer is a kind of synthetic oligonucleotides discriminated by systematic evolution of exponential enrichment technology(SELEX) in vitro screening,which can bind to certain targets(small molecules,proteins,or even entire cells) with extremely high specificity.Due to the simple preparation,easy modification and good stability,aptamer has been widely used to construct biosensor for detection of pathogenic microorganism.This paper presents the latest advances in SELEX for screening aptamer of pathogenic microorganism,demonstrates some reported aptamer of pathogenic microorganisms(protozoa,viruses,bacteria),and reviews aptamer based biosensors for detection of pathogenic microorganism.Finally,the new trends about aptamer based biosensors for detection of pathogenic microorganism are also discussed.