Effect of Sudden Expansion on Entrainment and Spreading Rates of a Jet Issuing from Asymmetric Nozzles

Turbulent free jets issuing from five different nozzle geometries; smooth pipe, contracted circular, rectangular, triangular, and square, are experimentally investigated by using TSI 2-D laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) to assess the effect of nozzle geometry and quarl (i.e. a cylindrical sudden expansion) on jet entrainment and spreading. The centerline mean velocity decay and the jet half-velocity width, which are indicators of jet entrainment and spreading rates, are determined for each nozzle’s flow configuration, i.e. with and without sudden expansion. Furthermore, turbulence quantities, such as the flow mean velocities and their mean fluctuating components, as well as Reynolds shear stresses, are all measured along the centerline plane of the jet to facilitate understanding the extent of the effect of nozzle’s geometry (i.e. nozzle’s orifice shape and sudden expansion) on jet’s entrainment and spreading. The main results show that the jet flow with the presence of sudden expansion exhibits higher rates of entrainment and spreading than without. In addition, these results reveal that sudden expansion exercises a greater effect on the asymmetric jet characteristics, especially for the triangular and rectangular nozzles compared to their axisymmetric counterparts (i.e. circular contracted nozzle).