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Stimulated Raman scattering in natural crystals of fluorapatite,Ca5(PO4)3F
Authors:Alexander A. Kaminskii,Ladislav Bohatý  ,Oliver Lux,Hanjo Rhee,Hans Joachim Eichler,Eugen Libowitzky,Reiner Kleinschrodt,Hitoki Yoneda,Akira Shirakawa,Petra Becker
Abstract:
Hexagonal Ca5(PO4)3F, known as natural crystal fluorapatite and oldest host‐crystal for Ln3+‐lasant ions, is presented as a Raman‐active material. High‐order Raman‐induced χ(3)‐nonlinear processes are discovered in natural crystals of fluorapatite under picosecond pumping at 1.064 μm and 0.532 μm wavelength. A multitude of Stokes and anti‐Stokes components is generated in the ultraviolet, visible and near‐infrared spectral region by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and Raman four‐wave mixing (FWHM), resulting in a frequency comb with a width of 520 THz. The spectral lines are identified and attributed to the ν1(Ag) vibration mode of the tetrahedral [PO4] units which is related to a Raman shift of ωSRS ≈ 965 cm−1. The first Stokes steady‐state Raman gain coefficient in the near‐infrared spectral range is estimated to be >0.38 cm·GW−1. Finally, a short review of SRS‐promoting vibration modes and observed χ(3)‐ nonlinear interactions in all known SRS‐active natural crystals (minerals) is given.
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Keywords:fluorapatite  Ca5(PO4)3F  stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)  Stokes and anti‐Stokes frequency comb  natural SRS‐active crystals
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