探索碳笼分子家族:富勒烯的结构模型构建策略*

以发现C₆₀球笼结构的史实阐述结构模型的制作对探索物质结构奥秘的重要性。以科学家对富勒烯形成机制的探索佐证多角度构建结构模型的合理性,举例介绍搭建C₆₀球棍模型3种方法的操作步骤。探讨一组有结构关联性C_60+10n碳笼分子结构模型构建的思维方法,举例介绍搭建代表分子C₇₀,C₈₀球棍模型的操作步骤。探讨一组有高度对称性的富勒烯结构模型构建的思维方法,举例介绍搭建大直径、高对称富勒烯C₇₂₀球棍模型的操作步骤。结合《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》和教学实践探讨结构模型构建在化学教学中的作用,为富勒烯结构模型的自主构建教学提供范例。

Exploring the Family of Carbon Cage Molecules:Strategies of Building Structural Models for Fullerenes

This article elucidates the importance of model construction in exploring the structural properties of molecules,using the historical example of the discovery of the"buckyball"structure of C60.Three existing methods of constructing the 3 D ball-and-stick model of C60 are introduced and rationalized by the scientists’mechanistic exploration of the formation of fullerenes.This article also introduces thought processes in building the carbon cage molecules of the same structural family with the general molecular formula of C60+10n;exemplifications are drawn from the construction method of C70 and C80 ball-and-stick models.Furthermore,this discussion is extended to structural models of fullerenes with even higher molecular symmetry.The method of building the model of C720,which has a particularly large radius and high symmetry,is included here.Combining the"General High School Chemistry Curriculum Standards(2017 version)"and the author’s teaching practice,this article discusses the role of structural model construction in chemistry and provides a paradigm for instructions in students’independent construction of fullerene structural models.