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Suppressing Universal Cathode Crossover in High-Energy Lithium Metal Batteries via a Versatile Interlayer Design**
Authors:Chuyi Xie  Dr Chen Zhao  Dr Heonjae Jeong  Dr Tianyi Li  Dr Luxi Li  Dr Wenqian Xu  Dr Zhenzhen Yang  Cong Lin  Dr Qiang Liu  Dr Lei Cheng  Dr Xingkang Huang  Dr Gui-Liang Xu  Dr Khalil Amine  Prof Guohua Chen
Institution:1. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Contribution: Data curation (lead), Formal analysis (lead), ​Investigation (lead), Writing - original draft (lead);2. Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), ​Investigation (lead), Writing - original draft (lead);3. Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA

Contribution: Resources (supporting);4. X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA

Contribution: Resources (supporting);5. X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA;6. Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA;7. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong;8. Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA

Contribution: Resources (supporting)

Abstract:The universal cathode crossover such as chemical and oxygen has been significantly overlooked in lithium metal batteries using high-energy cathodes which leads to severe capacity degradation and raises serious safety concerns. Herein, a versatile and thin (≈25 μm) interlayer composed of multifunctional active sites was developed to simultaneously regulate the Li deposition process and suppress the cathode crossover. The as-induced dual-gradient solid-electrolyte interphase combined with abundant lithiophilic sites enable stable Li stripping/plating process even under high current density of 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray experiments revealed that N-rich framework and CoZn dual active sites can effectively mitigate the undesired cathode crossover, hence significantly minimizing Li corrosion. Therefore, assembled lithium metal cells using various high-energy cathode materials including LiNi0.7Mn0.2Co0.1O2, Li1.2Co0.1Mn0.55Ni0.15O2, and sulfur demonstrate significantly improved cycling stability with high cathode loading.
Keywords:Cathode Cross-over  High-Energy Cathode  Lithium-Metal Batteries  Solid-Electrolyte Interphase
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