旋涡、湍流与自由表面的相互作用

旋涡及自由表面湍流与自由表面的非定常、非线性相互作用是当前流体力学中一个十分活跃的前沿领域的研究课题，它具有深刻的理论意义和重要的实用背景．旋涡、湍流与自由表面的相互作用是一个非常复杂的非线性、非定常过程，涉及到涡－涡、波－涡相互作用，旋涡在自由表面处的断裂、重联、合并及自由表面湍流中的准拟序结构的形成、发展等复杂动力学过程．关于这一领域的研究已经取得了一些重要成果．对旋涡与自由表面的相互作用的基本过程有了较为清楚的认识；但对湍流与自由表面的相互作用中的许多基本物理过程还知之甚少．本文综述此领域的实验、理论和数值模拟研究的最新进展和主要结果，讨论若干有待解决的问题，并指出进一步的研究方向 

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN VORTICES, TURBULENCE AND FREE SURFACES

Today, the study of unsteady, nonlinear interactions between vortices, turbulence and free surfaces is a very active research field in fluid mechanics. It has both theoretical and important practical backgrounds.The interactions involve very complicated nonlinear and unsteady processes, including vortex vortex, wave vortex interactions, the breaking, reunion, and merging of vortices near free surfaces. Moreover, the complex dynamical processes of formations and developments of semi coherent structures near free surfaces are vital to the interactions. Some important results have been obtained in the researches during the past decade.The basic processes of the interactions between vortices and free surfaces are more clearly understood. But for the interactions between turbulence and free surfaces, there are still quite a lot of basic physical processes which are still unclear.The recent advances and important results in the studies of interactions with experimental, analytical and numerical methods are reviewed in this paper.We also outline some unsolved problems, and point out the future research directions.