Low‐level Laser (Light) Therapy Increases Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and ATP Synthesis in C2C12 Myotubes with a Peak Response at 3–6 h |
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| Authors: | Cleber Ferraresi Beatriz Kaippert Pinar Avci Ying‐Ying Huang Marcelo V. P. de Sousa Vanderlei S. Bagnato Nivaldo A. Parizotto Michael R. Hamblin |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Electrothermophototherapy, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil;2. Post‐Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil;3. Optics Group, Physics Institute of Sao Carlos, University of S?o Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil;4. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA;5. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;6. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;7. Laboratory of Radiation Dosimetry and Medical Physics, Institute of Physics, Sao Paulo University, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil;8. Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Cambridge, MA |
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| Abstract: | Low‐level laser (light) therapy has been used before exercise to increase muscle performance in both experimental animals and in humans. However, uncertainty exists concerning the optimum time to apply the light before exercise. The mechanism of action is thought to be stimulation of mitochondrial respiration in muscles, and to increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP) needed to perform exercise. The goal of this study was to investigate the time course of the increases in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP in myotubes formed from C2C12 mouse muscle cells and exposed to light‐emitting diode therapy (LEDT). LEDT employed a cluster of LEDs with 20 red (630 ± 10 nm, 25 mW) and 20 near‐infrared (850 ± 10 nm, 50 mW) delivering 28 mW cm2 for 90 s (2.5 J cm2) with analysis at 5 min, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h post‐LEDT. LEDT‐6 h had the highest MMP, followed by LEDT‐3 h, LEDT‐24 h, LEDT‐5 min and Control with significant differences. The same order (6 h > 3 h > 24 h > 5 min > Control) was found for ATP with significant differences. A good correlation was found (r = 0.89) between MMP and ATP. These data suggest an optimum time window of 3–6 h for LEDT stimulate muscle cells. |
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