TG-MS
analysis for studying the effects of fire retardants on the pyrolysis of pine-needles
and their components |
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Authors: | Athina Pappa K Mikedi N Tzamtzis M Statheropoulos |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (N.T.U.A.), 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, 157 80 Athens, Greece |
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Abstract: | Thermogravimetry-mass
spectrometry (TG-MS) was used to study the effect of the inorganic salts (NH4)2SO4 and (NH4)2HPO4,
active substances of many commercial forest fire retardants, on the pyrolysis
of Pinus halepensis needles and their main
components (cellulose, lignin and extractives). These salts seemed to affect
the pyrolysis of cellulose by increasing significantly the char residue, decreasing
the pyrolysis temperature and changing the composition of the evolved gases,
that is, increasing levoglucosenone and decreasing oxygen containing volatile
products. (NH4)2SO4
seemed to have negligible effect on the pyrolysis of lignin, while (NH4)2HPO4 increased the char residue and decrease the relative contribution of guaiacols
in the evolved gases. No effects of the inorganic salts on the extractives
were observed. Finally, the inorganic salts seemed to affect the pyrolysis
of pine-needles, mainly the cellulose component, but the effects were not
as intense as in the pyrolysis of cellulose. |
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Keywords: | |
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