Efficient synthesis of di- and trisubstituted 2-aryloxazoles via ytterbium(III) triflate catalyzed cyclization of tertiary propargylic alcohols with aryl amides

An efficient synthetic method to prepare di- and trisubstituted 2-aryloxazoles based on Yb(OTf)₃ catalyzed cyclization of trisubstituted propargylic alcohols with aryl amides is described. The reaction was accomplished in moderate to excellent product yields and with complete regioselective control. The mechanism is suggested to involve activation of the starting alcohol by the metal catalyst that results in its ionization. Subsequent cyclization of this newly generated carbocationic species with the aryl amide then affords the oxazole. In view of the mild conditions along with the low cost, commercially availability of Yb(OTf)₃ and its high tolerance to air and moisture, the present synthetic approach offers an operationally simplistic and convenient route to this important aromatic heterocycle.