A reconceptualization of the problem of collective decisions

Exchange theory has recently assumed an important place in sociological theory. However, exchange theory takes as its problem how resources are distributed among actors, and does not consider the allocation of resources towards producing different outcomes of events. This paper defines the problem of collective decisions as how a collectivity uses its resources to produce outcomes as a result of exchange and allocation. A model is presented that includes actors, events, and resources and their relationships in terms of interests, requirements, and control. The concepts are given a mathematical interpretation in an extension of Coleman's exchange model. This approach allows examination of the relationships between the individual and collective levels of analysis; it leads to the expectation of certain consistencies at the aggregate level; and it allows consideration of the consequences of changes in the ways resources may be used to affect event outcomes.