海冰动力学中本构模型研究的若干进展

从20世纪70年代, 人们在不同尺度下建立了一系列的海冰动力学本构模型用于海冰数值模拟和预测. 将目前应用的海冰动力学本构模型分为弹塑性、黏塑性、各向异性和颗粒流体动力学中的黏弹塑性模型4类,并分别讨论了各类模型的特点和适用范围. 尤其对在极区及副极区大、中尺度下广泛应用的黏塑性及其改进的本构模型进行了深入地分析. 最后得出: 在大、中尺度下建立海冰动力学的黏弹塑性本构模型是提高海冰动力学计算精度的有效途径; 将小尺度下采用黏弹塑性本构模型的海冰颗粒流体动力学的计算时效进一步改进后, 可在大、中尺度下对海冰的重叠、堆积特性进行模拟; 进一步开展海冰动力学的尺度效应研究, 进行海冰本构模型的实验验证, 并建立不同尺度模型间的相互联系也应是海冰动力学本构模型研究的重要内容. 

RESEARCH ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF CONSTITUTIVE MODELS FOR SEA ICE DYNAMICS

A series of constitutive models have been established for sea ice dynamics under different temporal-spatial scales from the 1970s. In this paper, the existing constitutive models were divided into four groups, that is, elastic-plastic model, viscous-plastic model and its modifications, anisotropic model and viscous-elastic-plastic model of granular flow dynamics. Their characteristics and applications in the sea ice dynamics were discussed. Especially, the viscous-plastic model and its modifications, which were applied widely at large and meso-scales in the polar and sub-polar ice field, were discussed in details. At the end, the key issues in constitutive model for sea ice dynamics were discussed. The viscoelasic-plastic model should be developed to improve the precision of sea ice simulation at large and meso-scales. The granular flow dynamics with viscous-elastic-plastic model, which was used at small scale satisfactorily, can be applied widely at large and meso-scales when its computational efficiency is improved. With the aids of indoor physical experiments, the scale law should be investigated further to establish the relationship in the sea ice constitutive model at different scales.