Optimization by isochronal analysis. II. Changes in mobile phase velocity and temperature, and in mobile phase composition and temperature

The theory of resolution optimization by isochronal analysis is further extended to the cases involving simultaneous changes in mobile phase velocity and column temperature, and in mobile phase composition and temperature. In each case, the resolution equation, when written in terms of isochronal conditions, shows that improvements can be obtained without sacrificing analysis time. Several subcases, which relate to the dependence of the selectivity factors on the changed parameters, are described. For each system, the contributions of the various parameters to the resolution are examined. The results of these discussions are plotted as resolution surfaces, on which lines of constant analysis time are indicated. The experimental routes that chromatographers must take in order to apply isochronal analysis are described.