The influence of non-rubber constituents on performance of silica reinforced natural rubber compounds |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Twente, Elastomer Technology and Engineering, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands;2. Malaysian Rubber Board, RRIM Research Station, Sg. Buloh, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia;1. Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China;1. On study leave from Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia;2. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia;1. Gyeongsang National University, Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Jinju 660701, South Korea;2. Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Dr.M.N.Dastur School of Materials Science and Engineering, Howrah 711103, India;1. School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, China;2. Elastomer Lab, Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | An in-rubber study of the interaction of silica with proteins present in natural rubber show that the latter compete with the silane coupling agent during the silanisation reaction; the presence of proteins makes the silane less efficient for improving dispersion and filler–polymer coupling, and thus influences the final properties of the rubber negatively. Furthermore, the protein content influences the rheological properties as well as filler–filler and filler–polymer interactions. Stress strain properties also vary with protein content, as do dynamic properties. With high amounts of proteins present in natural rubber, the interactions between proteins and silica are able to disrupt the silica–silica network and improve silica dispersion. High amounts of proteins reduce the thermal sensitivity of the filler–polymer network formation. The effect of proteins is most pronounced when no silane is used, but they are not able to replace a coupling agent. |
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| Keywords: | Natural rubber Silica Silane Protein Payne effect Tyre |
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