Synthesis, characterization and thermal properties of small R2R2NX-type quaternary ammonium halides |
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Authors: | Sara Busi Heidi Mansikkamäki Kari Rissanen |
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Institution: | a Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylän yliopisto, Finland b NanoScience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014 Jyväskylän yliopisto, Finland |
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Abstract: | Twenty-one R2R′2N+X− -type (R=methyl or ethyl, R′=alkyl, X=Br or I) quaternary ammonium (QA) halides have been prepared by using a novel one-pot synthetic route in which a formamide (dimethyl-, diethylformamide, etc.) is treated with alkyl halide in the presence of sodium or potassium carbonate. The formation of QA halides was verified with 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of four QA halides (two bromide and two iodide) were determined using X-ray single crystal diffraction, and the powder diffraction method was used to study the structural similarities between the single crystal and microcrystalline bulk material. The thermal properties of all compounds were studied using TG/DTA and DSC methods. The smallest compounds decomposed during or before melting. The decreasing trend of melting points was observed when the alkyl chain length was increased. The liquid ranges of 120-180 °C were observed for compounds with 5-6 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. The low melting points and wide liquid ranges suggest potential applicability of these compounds for example as ionic liquids precursors. |
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Keywords: | Quaternary ammonium bromide Quaternary ammonium iodide Ionic liquid X-ray single crystal diffraction X-ray powder diffraction Thermal analysis |
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