燃料电池聚合物电解质膜的研究进展

本文根据聚合物电解质膜燃料电池操作温度、使用的电解质和燃料的不同,将其分为高温质子交换膜燃料电池、低温质子换膜燃料电池、直接甲醇燃料电池和阴离子交换膜燃料电池,综述了它们所用电解质膜的最新进展.第一部分简要介绍了这4种燃料电池的优点和不足.第二部分首先介绍了Nafion膜的结构模型,并对平行柱状纳米水通道模型在介观尺度上进行了修正;接着分别对应用于不同燃料电池的改性膜的改性思路作了分析;最后讨论了用于不同燃料电池的新型质子交换膜的研究,同时列举了性能突出的改性膜和新型质子交换膜.第三部分介绍了阴离子交换膜的研究现状.第四部分对未来聚合物电解质膜的研究作了展望.

Progress of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells

According to their operation temperature,polymer electrolyte membrane and fuel,the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells（PEMFCs） are sorted as high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell,low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell,direct methanol fuel cell and anion exchange membrane fuel cell.In this review.the advances of the polymer electrolyte membranes for these fuel cells are presented.In the first section,the four types of fuel cells are introduced briefly.In the second section,the model of Nafion membrane is discussed and a revised model based on parallel water-channel（inverted-micelle cylinder） model at mesoscopic scale is proposed.Then the modified strategies of Nafion for proton exchange membrane fuel cells and DMFCs are described.Lastly,the strategies of preparing proton exchange membranes alternatives to Nafion are presented.Furthermore,the highlights of them are also listed.In the third section,the development of anion exchange membranes is given.In the last section,the research trends of this field in the future are predicted.