高梯度绝缘子的实验研究与性能分析

为解决脉冲功率系统中绝缘部件的真空沿面闪络问题，开发了基于二次电子崩理论的层叠式高梯度绝缘材料。利用全金属超高真空分析系统，对高梯度绝缘子的真空出气特性进行检测；利用四极质谱仪，对高梯度绝缘子真空出气的气体成分进行分析。利用阻抗分析仪测试不同结构绝缘材料的高频介电性能。基于纳秒脉冲真空实验平台，对高梯度绝缘子的真空沿面闪络性能进行测试。研究结果表明:高梯度绝缘子具有良好的高频介电性能，其拐点频率高达200 MHz；锻炼后高梯度绝缘子的闪络场强可达190 kV/cm，其闪络性能和高梯度绝缘结构中绝缘层的材料及绝缘层与金属层的比例直接相关。

Experimental study and performance analysis on high gradient insulators

High gradient insulators (HGIs) were developed to solve the vacuum surface flashover problem in pulsed power system. The vacuum out-gassing rate and desorption gas components of HGIs were measured using an all-metal ultrahigh-vacuum analysis system. The high frequency dielectric constant was measured by impedance analyzer. Based on the nanosecond pulsed experimental platform, the vacuum surface flashover characteristics of HGIs were tested. The results indicate that HGIs have good high frequency dielectric performance with the inflection frequency up to 200 MHz and the flashover field strength is about 190 kV/cm after 30 discharges. The flashover performance of HGIs has direct relation to the insulation layer materials and the ratio of insulation layer and metal layer.