孤岛油田含聚污水中酸性组分的分离与组成结构研究

采用石油醚和三氯甲烷分级萃取孤岛油田含聚污水中的油分，得到两个不同极性的组分F1和F2；用碱抽提法从酸值较高的F2组分中分离酸性物质并将其甲酯化，通过柱层析法将甲酯化物分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ三个甲酯组分。用元素分析、红外光谱分析等对上述各组分的组成及结构进行鉴定，对甲酯组分Ⅰ进行GC MS 结构鉴定。结果表明，含聚污水中酸性乳化活性物质主要富集在F2组分中，降解HPAM是酸性物质的主要的组成部分；甲酯组分Ⅰ主要为石油酸甲酯，甲酯组分Ⅱ主要为含酰胺基的脂肪酸甲酯，甲酯组分Ⅲ除含有较多酰胺基脂肪酸甲酯外，还含有一定量的强极性含硫化合物；孤岛油田含聚污水中的轻质石油酸以单环环烷酸、四环环烷酸和脂肪酸为主，其中环烷酸的含量明显大于脂肪酸的含量。脂肪酸以C16和C18为主，单环环烷酸以C14~18为主，四环环烷酸以C18~21为主。

Separation and composition characterization of acidic components in water produced by polymer flooding in Gudao Oilfield

The oily substances in the water produced by polymer flooding in Gudao, Shengli Oilfield were extracted by petroleum ether and trichloromethane and two fractions (marked as F1 and F2) were obtained. The acidic components from fraction F2 were separated by alkaline extraction and esterified by methanol. The methyl esters products were separated into three fractions I, II and III by silica gel column chromatography. The oily substances and the acidic components were characterized using elementary analysis, IR spectral analyses and acidimetry. The structures and compositions of the methyl ester fractions (fraction I) were identified using GC MS technology. The results showed that the acidic emulsifying active substances in the produced water by polymer flooding were gathered in CHCl3 extracted fraction F2, and degradation products of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) constitute the major part of the acidic components. The compositions of fraction I and II were mainly petroleum acid methyl esters and aliphatic acid methyl esters with amide groups. The fraction III was mainly composed of aliphatic acid methyl esters with more amide groups and some strong polarity compounds containing SO group. The light petroleum acids in water produced by polymer flooding in Gudao Oilfield were mainly composed of C16~18 aliphatic acids, C14~18 naphthenic acids and C18~21 tetracyclic naphthenic acids, and the amount of naphthenic acids were more compared with the aliphatic acids.