Growth of well-aligned Bi nanowire on Ag(1 1 1)

We report the fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) Bi nanowires grown on Ag(1 1 1) with average lateral width from 9 to 20 nm by physical vapor deposition in ultra high vacuum conditions. In situ low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy analyses reveal that the preferred growth of 1D Bi nanostructures is driven by the highly anisotropic bonding in the crystallographic structure of the Bi(1 1 0) plane. The Bi nanowires grow along direction and align with the directions on Ag(1 1 1). The growth of the Bi nanowires proceeds in a bilayer growth mode resulting from the layer pairing in Bi(1 1 0) which saturates the dangling bonds and lowers the total energy.