用于微型卫星姿态控制的高温超导动量轮

卫星或宇宙飞船在太空中需要精确定位,动量轮是卫星或宇宙飞船姿态控制的关键部件.每个宇宙飞船上有三个或四个动量轮,这些动量轮虽然体积小,但是其角动量占宇宙飞船总角动量的绝大部分.动量轮实质上就是电机的转子,它具有很高的转动惯量.在适当的时间,启动或停止三个电机就能够控制宇宙飞船的姿态.我们已经研制了一个小的动量轮模型,该模型重量轻、结构紧凑,而且能效高.动量轮模型的主要创新点是使用了高温超导磁悬浮轴承,因此,它具有摩擦力小,转速高,储存动量大的特点.动量轮模型的最大设计转速为15,000RPM,储存的角动量为3.5J*s-1.

HTS MOMENTUM WHEEL FOR MICRO-SATELLITE ATTITUDE CONTROL

For a spacecraft or satellite requiring fine positioning, momentum wheel is a necessary item for attitude control. There are three or four momentum wheels per-spacecraft, which contribute to the major portion of the total angular momentum of the spacecraft in a small volume. In essence, the momentum wheels constitute the rotor of a motor, which possesses a high moment of inertia. Attitude control of the spacecraft is achieved by turning up to three motors on and off at appropriate times. We have constructed a prototype small momentum wheel system, designed to be lightweight, compact and energy efficient. The main innovation is the use of HTS magnetic levitation bearings that promise low friction so that high momentum storage can be achieved with high spin speed. The maximum designed spin speed is 15,000RPM to store 3.5J*s-1 of angular momentum.