小分子有机添加物对胶团催化的影响

表面活性剂胶团对化学反应的催化作用具有重要的理论和实际意义^1-2]，在影响胶团催化的诸因素中，有机添加物的影响很受重视，这是因为有机物的加入既可能改变介质的性质，也可能对胶团的结构，大小，电性质产生影响，至今对添加有机物影响的研究大多为定性描述，缺少定量处理的结果，本文初步研究了小分子有机添加物异丙醇（i-PrOH)，叔丁醇（t-BuOH)，异戊醇（i-PeoH)和苯甲醛（PhCHO)对2－4－二硝基氯苯（DNCB）在溴代十六烷基三甲铵（CTAB）阳离子胶团训与NaOH反应的准一级反应速率常数k1 的影响，应用假相离子交换（PIE）模型的基本公式对实验结果进行了定量处理，并用胶团结构的变化对实验结果进行了解释。

The Effects of Small Organic Additive on Micellar Catalysis

The effects of isopropyl alcohol, tert butyl alcohol, isopentyl alcohol, benzaldehyde on the first order rate constant k 1 of the basic hydrolysis reaction of 2,4 dinitrochlorobenzene in the solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) are studied. The results show that k 1 decreases with increasing the concentration of small organic additive. It was found that the smaller the alcohol solubility in water and the larger the binding constant with the micelles, the faster the reaction rate decreases. The pseudophase ion exchange model is applied to quantitatively treat the experimental data. The above results are consistent with that obtained from dynamic light scattering, and are interpreted in terms of the change in micellar structure.