High-Efficiency Three-Party Quantum Key Agreement Protocol with Quantum Dense Coding and Bell States |
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Authors: | He Wan-Ting Wang Jun Zhang Tian-Tian Alzahrani Faris Hobiny Aatef Alsaedi Ahmed Hayat Tasawar Deng Fu-Guo |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China ;2.NAAM-Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia ;3.Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan ; |
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Abstract: | We propose a high-efficiency three-party quantum key agreement protocol, by utilizing two-photon polarization-entangled Bell states and a few single-photon polarization states as the information carriers, and we use the quantum dense coding method to improve its efficiency. In this protocol, each participant performs one of four unitary operations to encode their sub-secret key on the passing photons which contain two parts, the first quantum qubits of Bell states and a small number of single-photon states. At the end of this protocol, based on very little information announced by other, all participants involved can deduce the same final shared key simultaneously. We analyze the security and the efficiency of this protocol, showing that it has a high efficiency and can resist both outside attacks and inside attacks. As a consequence, our protocol is a secure and efficient three-party quantum key agreement protocol. |
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