Angle-dependent Ni2+ X-ray magnetic linear dichroism: interfacial coupling revisited

Using x-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) for magnetometry requires detailed knowledge of its dependence on the relative orientation of polarization, magnetic moments, and crystallographic axes. We show that Ni2+ L(2,3) XMLD in cubic lattices has to be described as a linear combination of two fundamental spectra--not one as previously assumed. The spectra are calculated using atomic multiplet theory and the angular dependence is derived from crystal field symmetry. Applying our results to Co/NiO(001) interfaces, we find perpendicular coupling between Ni and Co moments.